Do you have knee pain that affects your ability to carry out even the simplest of tasks? Well, you’re not alone. Many people wonder if knee pain is the only available solution. Through this blog, we aim to explain non-surgical options for knee pain treatment often recommended by orthopaedic specialists. Along with the non-surgical options, surgical options to support your recovery process are also stated. Lastly, the steps to take before a knee replacement surgery, along with a detailed timeline required during recovery, are also mentioned. Continue reading to get a better understanding of the treatment relevant to your case.

A] Non-Surgical Options For Knee Pain Treatment

Non-surgical options for knee pain are often recommended in combination with other treatments. Some of these non-surgical options include:

• Medicines

Medicines are often prescribed in the initial stage. This includes paracetamol, NSAIDs, topical gels, and even certain supplements. Injections for quick pain relief can also be administered directly into your knee joint. For more treatment options, check our services for pain management.

• Posture And Walking Pattern

There are certain postures that can worsen your joint pain. These include locking your knees while standing, sitting in the same position for a long time, and standing upright with unequal weight on both your legs.

• Physical Therapy

Rather than relying on medicines alone, physical therapy is another non-surgical treatment option that works quite well for the management of knee pain. The goal of exercises here is to improve your strength and flexibility. Generally, 2-3 sessions per week can be conducted.

• Knee injections

Knee injections are a non-surgical treatment option often suggested when medicines, physical therapy or lifestyle changes show no effect. As they are administered directly, they are helpful in providing targeted relief. These are known to significantly improve mobility, delaying the need for surgical intervention.

• Lifestyle Changes

Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the easiest ways to decrease pressure on your knee joints. A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D will provide additional benefits, like reducing inflammation levels. Lastly, be sure to use good, well-cushioned shoes and avoid flats or high heels for the time being. Continue using supportive devices if required.

B] Surgical Options For Knee Pain Treatment

Depending on the level of joint damage, different types of knee replacement surgery can be recommended by your surgeon. Some common surgical options for knee pain treatment include:

• Total Knee Replacement

Total knee replacement is an advanced surgical procedure where the knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint, commonly known as a prosthesis. Patients with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic knee pain are often recommended a total knee replacement. This surgery is only suggested when the other non-surgical options fail to provide the intended relief.

• Partial Knee Replacement

In a partial knee replacement, only the damaged part of your knee is changed instead of the entire joint. This surgery is suggested for patients where damage to only one compartment of their knee is observed. Compared to a total knee replacement, this surgical procedure is less invasive and has a quicker recovery time.

• Robotic Knee Replacement

A robotic knee replacement is an advanced form of surgery that can be used for either total knee replacement or partial knee replacement. In this, a 3D model of the patient’s knee is created, after which the surgeon places the implant with high accuracy. A major advantage of this surgery is that there is reduced damage to the surrounding tissue.

C] Getting Ready Before A Knee Replacement Surgery

Getting ready before a knee replacement is just as vital as the surgery steps. Following proper steps allows for a faster recovery process. Here are some measures that we suggest:

• Proper Evaluation

A detailed medical evaluation might be suggested for the selection of the right treatment. Details relating to your examination will be noted. Any pre-existing medical conditions should be managed well before your surgery. Certain fitness and imaging tests might also be administered. Read our blog on when to seek an orthopaedic surgeon to get more information on the other diagnostic methods used.

• Pre-Surgery Exercises

Certain pre-surgery exercises might be suggested under the guidance of your doctor. These can include quad sets, straight leg raises, knee bending, leg kicks, and more. Read this article from AAOS for detailed guidance on various exercises you can do before your knee replacement surgery.

• Making Certain Arrangements

Making certain arrangements in your home can reduce risks related to falls or injuries. This can include a bed on the ground floor, installing handrails in the bathroom and creating clutter-free places, among others.

D] Recovery Timeline After A Knee Replacement Surgery

Recovery after a knee replacement surgery is a gradual process. Here is a detailed recovery timeline based on days, weeks and months:

• Days

Severe pain is usually felt on day 0, for which strong painkillers might be prescribed. Day 1 is when physiotherapy through simple exercises begins. The pain usually begins to subside by day 3.

• Weeks

Weeks 1-6 are again focused on increasing daily activities. Use of a walker or cane can slowly be introduced. In the last weeks, the patients will be encouraged to walk without support. Some light household activities can be done.

• Months

After 2-3 months, the patients are expected to walk without a cane. Low-impact exercises such as walking and swimming can be done. Patients find themselves actively participating in travel and social outings. After 1 year, patients can resume most of their daily activities.

Conclusion

Don’t let knee pain hamper your daily activities. Today, both surgical and non-surgical treatment options are available thanks to the advances in modern orthopaedics. Consult Dr Tanay Prabhoo, an orthopaedic doctor in Andheri, to know which treatment options apply to your case. Consulting an experienced orthopaedic specialist ensures improved joint function and a safe return to your daily activities. Along with knee pain management, we also provide services for spine and other musculoskeletal conditions. Get personalised services for minimally invasive procedures that are here to assist you from diagnosis to recovery through Dr Tanay Prabhoo.

Are you sure that the intense back pain you are suffering from can be treated through massages or physiotherapy? What if it is due to spinal tuberculosis? In this case, the treatment options will vary. Spinal tuberculosis, or Pott’s disease, is a condition in which the infection targets your spine. And while the infection is slowly spreading, it can completely alter your natural spinal structure. Through this blog, we aim to inform you about the causes, symptoms, and stages, as well as treatment options. Advice for a full recovery, as well as when to seek advice from an expert, is also provided towards the end. For more understanding, keep reading this blog until the very end.

A] What Causes Spinal Tuberculosis?

Some common causes of spinal tuberculosis include:

• Secondary Infection From TB

According to WHO, most cases of spinal TB could be due to an infection that began in the lungs. And while it may remain undiagnosed in the beginning, it slowly starts spreading. Over time, the bacteria are responsible for destroying your body’s bone structure.

• Weak Immune System

A weak immune system is one of the common causes of spinal tuberculosis. This is because the compromised immune system can reactivate the dormant bacteria. Individuals with health conditions such as diabetes, HIV, cancer, or other autoimmune disorders are generally more at risk.

• Improper Or Irregular Treatment

Treatment for TB must go on for months before it is discontinued. This is because the chances of bacteria reactivating persist. With irregular dosage, the bacteria may form resistance towards the drug. To administer the proper dosage, consult an expert for spine care services.

• High-Exposure Environments

Areas with high population density have more chances of spreading TB. Even living with a person who has active TB greatly increases your chances of developing spinal tuberculosis. Individuals in professions such as healthcare and public services also need to be careful.

B] How To Recognise Spinal Tuberculosis?

Spinal tuberculosis often goes unrecognised as its symptoms progress slowly. Here are some common signs that can help you with early detection:

• Consistent Back Pain

The pain develops gradually instead of suddenly, which is seen in muscle spasms. It usually remains in a specific region, such as your chest or back. It may worsen socially at night or early morning. Routine painkillers and massages are not designed to handle this pain.

• Swelling Or Tenderness In The Spine

Most spinal tuberculosis patients mention a tightness in their back. Even simple movements like bending forward can become difficult for them. The body’s protective response can further lead to muscle spasms. In severe cases, the patient can end up with an altered posture while walking.

• Low-Grade Fever, Fatigue And Weight Loss

A persistent low-grade fever accompanied by chills is one of the most common symptoms of spinal tuberculosis. A sense of fatigue that discourages patients from completing tasks could also be present. With all these symptoms, loss of appetite and weight loss could also follow.

• Neurological Symptoms

Spinal tuberculosis could also be responsible for causing numbness, weakness in the legs, difficulty walking, and shooting pain. In certain cases, individuals can even experience difficulty with bladder or bowel control.

C] What Are the Different Stages Of Pott’s Disease?

There are 3 main stages that Pott’s disease can be divided into. Knowing which stage the patient is in helps with the treatment process. The 3 stages here consist of:

• Early Stage

The symptoms in the early stage could be confused with common back issues. Some signs here include lower back pain, mild stiffness, low energy and fever. No major deformity is visible at this stage.

• Progressive Stage

At this stage, the infection starts spreading further. The spine grows weaker, the disc becomes affected, and the formation of cold abscesses becomes prominent. With time, even maintaining a normal posture may prove difficult.

• Advanced Stage

This is considered the most serious stage of spinal tuberculosis. The bones start becoming weak, and the front part of your vertebrae becomes damaged. This makes the spine loses its natural structure. The spine could also bend in an angular shape (also known as gibbus deformity). Further, the collections of cold abscesses become more prominent.

D] What Treatment Options Are Available For Spinal Tuberculosis?

Most patients require support from both medications as well as surgical intervention. Let’s try to understand these in more detail:

• Long-Term Tb Medication

There are 4 main types of medications that are usually prescribed for spinal TB. These consist of INH, RIF, PZA, and EMB based on your condition. The treatment usually lasts for a year, with some cases taking more time to heal. The doctor can make use of X-rays to ensure that the infection is not spreading further.

• Surgical Interventions

In advanced or complicated cases, surgical intervention is often suggested. Some common cases include severe damage to the spine, kyphotic deformity, compression of nerves and large abscess formation. Some common procedures here include decompression, debridement, spinal stabilisation, and abscess drainage.

For more information, read our blog on common spinal disorders that explains the relevant treatment options available.

E] Recommended Tips After A Spine Surgery

In the initial few weeks, you would be advised to take care of your nutrition needs and limit any physical activity. A protein- and calcium-rich diet helps to support good bone health. After the first 3 weeks, some gentle stretching exercises and walking can be done. Use of physiotherapy can also be suggested for some. After 6 weeks, more exercises can be slowly introduced. After 4–5 months, lifestyle adjustments can be suggested based on your reports. Other recovery tips include prioritising sleep, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol, among others.

Why Consult A Spine Care Specialist

Instead of guessing, a specialist can help you accurately diagnose and understand the reason behind your spinal TB. Based on the diagnosis, relevant treatment plans can be suggested. For severe cases, the use of minimally invasive spinal techniques can be preferred. Guided through a holistic plan and access to advanced treatment facilities, take assistance from our spinal care specialist to treat your concerns. With qualifications such as MBBS and MS (Orthopaedics), Dr Tanay Prabhoo is an experienced spine specialist in Andheri East. His treatment plans aren’t just evidence-based but patient-centric as well. Contact us to schedule an appointment at our spine care clinic in Andheri East.

What happens when the body’s own immune system, designed to protect itself, starts attacking the lining of the joints? One gets diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Further, did you know that rheumatoid arthritis can be classified into 4 stages? Right from mild inflammation to joint damage, rheumatoid arthritis can progress in different ways. This blog aims to explain some commonly overlooked symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, along with expert-backed advice on when seeking a specialist becomes vital. Detailed information about treatment procedures such as medications, physical therapy and surgical interventions will also help you take control of rheumatoid arthritis before it progresses further.

A] What Are The 4 Stages Of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis can be classified into 4 stages. Knowing these stages will not just help you understand your body better but also seek the right treatment.

Stage 1: Early-Stage RA

This is an early stage in rheumatoid arthritis when the immune system starts attacking the lining of your joints. It is marked with inflammation, but no major damage has happened to the joints yet. An important thing to note is that the early stage is completely treatable. Use of ultrasounds and MRIs is often done at this stage.

Stage 2: Moderate Stage RA

The minor inflammation earlier has now slowly increased. Damage to cartilage becomes apparent, and swelling in the joints cannot be ignored. X-rays can reveal findings such as early erosion in the areas of the hand and feet. Treatment here focuses on slowing or stopping the progression of rheumatoid arthritis.

Stage 3: Severe Stage RA

Stage 3 is considered quite significant as both damage to joints and inflammation level increase. When this happens, both your cartilage and bones can erode. In certain cases, it can even affect your ability to move. Guidance from an orthopaedic surgeon becomes vital at this stage. You can seek advice from Dr Tanay Prabhoo, an experienced orthopaedic surgeon in Andheri. 

Stage 4: End-Stage RA

At this stage, the damage to joints can be so severe that your joints may not even be functional. And while your inflammation levels might decrease, severe joint deformities are often caused. Treatment options involving surgery and medications are usually prescribed at this stage.

B] Common Symptoms Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Here are some common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis you need to watch out for:

• Chronic Joint Pain

One of the early signs of rheumatoid arthritis involves a continuous throbbing feeling in your joint. And while it could begin in small joints such as fingers and toes, it can later involve large joints involving your knees, hips, shoulders or even elbows. If left untreated, this can even cause long-term disability. 

• Prolonged Morning Stiffness

In rheumatoid arthritis, the stiffness can last as long as an entire hour. The cause behind this is said to be inflammation that can happen overnight. Even doing simple household activities can take an unusually long time of 30-60 minutes. 

• Visible Joint Swelling And Warmth

Your joints can visibly look puffy and even appear warm when touched. Sometimes, occasional flares due to swelling can also be noticed. Use of medical assistance should be sought during this period. 

If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, we recommend booking an appointment with a specialist.

C] Rare and Overlooked Symptoms Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

While joint pain, stiffness and swelling are some common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, certain lesser-known symptoms can worsen over time. These include:

• A Low-Grade Fever

The low-grade fever caused by rheumatoid arthritis can be easily mistaken for a common cold or flu. Common remedies, such as sleeping, won’t really work here. This is because the fever is caused by the increased inflammatory chemicals in your body. 

• Dry Eyes And Mouth

Here, the autoimmune system is known to attack both your salivary as well as the tear glands. Dryness in both your mouth and eye area can be experienced. You can feel thirsty even when you’re drinking enough water.

• Unintended Weight Loss

Weight loss due to rising inflammation levels in the body may also occur. More energy can be utilised even after increasing your food intake. What’s important is that you do not mistake this weight loss as caused by stress or other lifestyle factors.

Assessments can be done to understand the real cause of your overlooked symptoms. 

D] Modern Treatment Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis

In recent years, several advancements in the way rheumatoid arthritis is managed have taken place. Some of the treatment approaches for rheumatoid arthritis involve:

• Conventional DMARDs

Conventional DMARD tablets are the commonly prescribed medications for rheumatoid treatment, as per the NHS. These don’t just help to slow the disease progression but also relieve certain symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. 

• Biologic DMARDs

When conventional DMARDs are not enough, biologic DMARDs can be prescribed. Some common types of biologic DMARDs include TNF inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and IL-1 blockers. These can target both joint pain as well as erosions. 

• Targeted synthetic DMARDs

And when both conventional DMARDs and biologic DMARDs are not enough, targeted synthetic DMARDs can be utilised. The result can be noticed in the 1st or 2nd week itself. Unlike biologics, DMARDs are definitely more convenient to consume.

• Corticosteroids

Due to the associated side effects, corticosteroids are usually prescribed at a lower dose. And while they provide targeted relief, they should not be used long-term. These can, however, be used to relieve joint pain directly, which helps reduce the inflammation levels.

• NSAIDs

NSAIDs stand for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rather than disease progression, these work better for symptom management. Just like corticosteroids, these also provide fast relief. These are often prescribed in the early stages. Some common types of NSAIDs include ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac. 

• Physical Therapy

Physical therapy to reduce the frozen feeling can also be sought after. Physical therapy helps restore both flexibility and muscle strength. Consult us to get tailored arthritis treatment for physiotherapy based on our personalised guidance.

• Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle changes here can involve reducing body weight and including an anti-inflammatory diet. Read our blog to know more about the lifestyle changes you can make to manage rheumatoid arthritis more efficiently.

When To Consult A Rheumatoid Arthritis Specialist?

While rheumatoid arthritis might be mild in the beginning, it can slowly progress and even erode your bones. This is why timely consultation with a specialist becomes vital. Only an experienced rheumatoid arthritis specialist can help you detect this condition even in the early phases. Further, through assessments such as blood tests, X-rays and MRIs, you can understand the real cause of rheumatoid arthritis. Contact us if you’re looking for a holistic approach to treating rheumatoid arthritis. Along with an MBBS degree, Dr Tanay Prabhoo also holds an MS, FCPS, DNB, and M.Ch in orthopaedics. With all these qualifications, you can rest assured that you are in safe hands.

Ever wondered what could be the reason behind the sharp pain in your upper back or the slight tingling sensation in your leg? If ignored, this pain could further aggravate and even affect your ability to move comfortably. So, what actions can we take to treat these commonly reported concerns of upper back and leg pain? Knowing the causes behind your upper back or leg pain constitutes the first step you can take. This is because only after knowing the causes of your upper back and leg pain can the relevant solutions be provided. Through this blog, we aim to provide not just the treatment but also a few lifestyle changes that will provide relief for both upper back and leg pain. Lastly, by watching out for certain signs, safeguard the health of your loved ones in advance.

A] Common Causes of Upper Back Pain

If we go by statistics, upper back pain is less common than lower back pain, but this doesn’t mean it’s any less painful. There are some commonly associated causes of upper back pain. Let’s try to understand them:

• Poor Posture

Every time you sit in an incorrect posture, it contributes to your back and core muscles getting weaker. Over time, this creates a strain on the surrounding muscles, which can even change your spine curvature. This strain is also experienced by people whose work involves lifting heavy objects. If not managed carefully, this can even lead to myofascial pain syndrome. 

• Herniated Or Bulging Discs

The spine discs here act as shock absorbers, i.e., they prevent the vertebrae from rubbing against each other. If damage occurs, they can move out of their normal position. Depending on the severity, you can experience either minor or intense discomfort.

• Degenerative Changes Or Arthritis

With age, our spinal discs and joints naturally start to wear down. This condition is also known by the name of osteoporosis. Concerns such as inflammation, reduced flexibility, and stiffness are often experienced. In complex cases, it can lead to chronic upper back pain. Long periods of activity should generally be avoided to prevent your symptoms from developing further.

B] Common Causes Of Leg Pain And Weakness

There are various causes for leg pain and weakness. Some of these include:

• Circulation Problems

Did you know that even poor blood circulation could cause leg pain? A common condition associated with blocked arteries is peripheral artery disease. Cramping, fatigue, and burning sensations are some common signs that your muscles are not receiving enough oxygen. Appearance-wise, pale or bluish skin can also indicate problems associated with circulation. 

• Muscle fatigue

Sometimes leg pain could result from muscle fatigue or overuse. The reason can be because of prolonged standing, intense physical activity, or even repetitive movements. Athletes or fitness enthusiasts are more prone to this type of pain. To prevent pain from worsening, certain exercises can be suggested. 

• Peripheral Nerve Disorders

The cause of your leg pain, tingling and weakness could also arise from damage to the peripheral nerves. As these nerves are vital, any damage caused to them could affect your movement. Damage or inflammation to these nerves leads to a condition called peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms such as burning or shock-like pain are often reported. 

While some causes of leg pain can require temporary assistance, others might be more difficult to manage. Along with the causes, knowing the treatments is also crucial.

C] Effective Treatments for Back and Leg Pain Relief

Only by diagnosing the underlying cause can the treatment for both back and leg pain be provided. Here are some of the recommended treatment options for back and leg pain relief:

• Medication And Pain Management

Certain options in medications, such as NSAIDs, can be prescribed to reduce swelling in the nerves. Use of muscle relaxants to relieve temporary back pain can be suggested. Specific nerve pain medications such as gabapentin or pregabalin can be prescribed to reduce pain in the leg area. Use of sprays or patches is an excellent option that offers the fewest side effects. Consult Dr Tanay Prabhoo to get personalised pain management treatment that is patient-centric.

• Physiotherapy And Exercise

Certain exercises that target your core, such as planks, bridging, and others, can be incorporated. These exercises help to improve flexibility, which is beneficial to the lower back region. Postural training sessions can be conducted to help the spine regain its natural alignment. The improved strength gained from physiotherapy will help the body balance its weight better.

• Minimally Invasive Procedures

Minimally invasive procedures create small incisions but have a quick recovery process. Procedures such as microdiscectomy, endoscopic spine surgery, and more are a few examples. Due to small cuts, there is less chance of tissue damage, which reduces the risk of an infection. If you’re looking for a spinal surgeon in Andheri who is experienced in this procedure, we suggest Dr Tanay Prabhoo.

D] Certain Lifestyle and Preventive Habits

For long-term relief of back and leg pain, a combination of both treatments and changes in your lifestyle might be suggested. Here are certain lifestyle changes that we recommended to treat upper back and leg pain:

• Practise Good Posture

It’s vital to maintain a good posture both standing and sitting. A good practice is to keep your back straight and relax your shoulders. While standing, avoid slouching or leaning to a particular side. 

• Incorporate Certain Exercises

Even simple stretching will help to support your back, hips, and abdomen. Activities like walking, cycling, and others are excellent options that can easily be added to your routine. To improve flexibility, you can choose between yoga and Pilates. 

• Maintaining A Healthy Weight

If you notice excess weight around your abdomen, it is advisable that you reduce it. This is to prevent any complications with disc degeneration, nerve compression, chronic pain, and others. Use of a nutrient-rich diet will further complement your goal. Make sure your hydration levels are optimal as well. 

• Rely On Ergonomic Choices

While working, rely on a good chair and ensure that your monitor is placed at eye level. Keeping your feet flat on the floor will keep your body weight balanced. Take care not to slouch into your sofa when you get home. While travelling, carry a small pillow that you can easily place behind your lower back.

E] When to Seek Help From An Expert

Seek help from an expert if you experience any of these symptoms:

• Pain That Lasts Longer Than A Few Weeks

This signifies that your condition needs to be looked after, as it lasted more than a few weeks. Conditions involving a herniated disc, arthritis, or even nerve compression can be the cause of your back or leg pain. 

• Tingling Feeling In Your Leg 

The tingling feeling in your leg could be due to spinal disc concerns. Early diagnosis helps prevent the condition from worsening further. 

• Difficulty With Standing Or Balancing

Struggling to stand or maintain balance displays problems associated with coordination. While this symptom might get easily ignored, it’s vital to understand the cause of your pain. 

• Loss Of Bladder Control

The reason behind this could be due to cauda equina syndrome, a condition that results from nerve compression in the lower spine. 

Along with this, other symptoms such as persistent pain in limbs, tingling sensation in the back, sudden onset of pain after injury, fever, fatigue, and weight loss should also be looked after..

Conclusion

In most cases, the pain you experience develops gradually but is ignored due to low discomfort levels. Only when this pain completely restricts your movement do people tend to take action. Early diagnosis will be the first step in your recovery. Treatment options for both the upper back and leg pain will create a huge difference. If you experience any of the above-mentioned symptoms, contact us for further guidance. Remember, with early intervention and assistance from Dr Tanay Prabhoo, recovery from back and leg pain is absolutely possible. Take timely action and safeguard your health from any complications well in advance.

Leg pain doesn’t always originate in the legs. Often, the underlying cause lies in the spine, where compressed or irritated nerves can send pain signals downward. Everyday factors like poor posture, injuries, or age-related spinal changes may trigger this discomfort. For some, it appears as tingling or numbness; for others, sharp shooting pain. Recognising how back problems manifest in the legs is the first step toward a proper diagnosis, effective treatment, and lasting relief.

Many people wonder, can lower back pain cause leg pain? The answer is often yes, as the reasons lie in how the spine and nerves are connected.

A] Understanding the Spine-Leg Connection

The spine plays a crucial role in maintaining posture and supporting smooth movement. As the body’s central support system, it provides structural stability and protects the spinal cord, which carries vital nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Nerves branching from the lower spine extend into the hips, thighs, and legs, controlling both sensation and muscle function. When the spine undergoes compression, irritation, or injury, such as a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or degenerative changes, these nerves may be affected. This often leads to pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness radiating downward into the legs, showing the strong connection between spinal and leg health.

B] Common Back Problems That Cause Leg Pain

1. Lower Back Issues

The most frequent source of leg pain is the lower back. Conditions such as herniated discs, lumbar strain, or sciatica pain may irritate or compress nerves, leading to pain that radiates down the leg. Sciatica is particularly known for causing sharp, shooting pain along the sciatic nerve pathway.

2. Tightness in the Back of the Leg

When the lower spine or surrounding muscles are affected, spasm or nerve irritation may cause tightness. For people who sit for long hours or have poor posture, hamstring tension is a common result.

3. Thoracic Spine Issues and Leg Discomfort

Though less common, some people ask, can the thoracic spine affect the legs? While thoracic spine issues don’t usually directly cause leg pain, they can indirectly affect posture or, in rare cases of spinal cord compression, lead to leg discomfort, weakness, or fatigue.

4. Other Back Conditions

Arthritis, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and other degenerative issues can compress nerves or destabilise the spine, which often leads to chronic leg pain.

C] Symptoms to Watch Out For

• Numbness or tingling in the legs may indicate nerve irritation.
• Weakness in one or both legs leading to difficulty lifting the foot or standing firmly.
• Shooting or radiating pain travelling from the lower back down the leg (commonly observed in sciatica).
• Difficulty walking or climbing stairs, reduced mobility due to pain or weakness.
• Experiencing pain or discomfort when standing for long periods, often linked to spinal issues.
• Sudden loss of bladder or bowel control, severe leg weakness, or rapidly worsening pain that requires urgent attention.

D] Causes of Back-Related Leg Pain

• Nerve Compression: Pressure on the sciatic nerve or lumbar spine nerves can cause sharp, radiating leg pain.
• Muscle Imbalances or Spasms: Tight or strained muscles may irritate nerves and trigger discomfort.
• Poor Posture or Prolonged Sitting: This places extra stress on the spine, leading to back and leg pain.
• Injury or Trauma to the Spine: Accidents or falls can damage discs, joints, or nerves.
• Degenerative Changes with Age: Conditions like arthritis, spinal stenosis, or spondylolisthesis may cause persistent leg pain.

E] How to Reduce and Manage Leg Pain from Back Issues

1. Exercises and Stretching: To relieve nerve compression and muscle tension, regular stretching is recommended. Hamstring stretches, pelvic tilts, and targeted yoga poses reduce strain on the lower back and help improve flexibility. Strengthening core muscles also supports spinal alignment, which can prevent further discomfort.
2. Lifestyle Adjustments: Small changes in daily habits over time can bring significant changes. Using ergonomic furniture, maintaining proper posture while sitting or standing, and managing body weight help in reducing stress on the spine. Avoiding extended periods of sitting and taking regular movement breaks also improves spinal health.
3. Self-Care Measures: Applying heat or cold therapy to affected areas can help ease muscle stiffness and inflammation. Gentle massage and over-the-counter pain relief, when appropriate, provide temporary symptom relief and improve mobility.
4. Professional Interventions: For persistent or severe pain, seeking professional care is important. Options like physiotherapy, chiropractic treatments, or specialised spine pain treatment can help restore mobility and address underlying causes. In some cases, a healthcare provider may also recommend targeted injections or other medical interventions to provide relief.When these approaches are combined, individuals can manage leg pain more effectively. This helps prevent worsening issues and supports a more active and comfortable lifestyle. Proper guidance and consistency play a key role in achieving long-term relief.

F] When to Seek Medical Help

Not all back-related leg pain can be managed at home. If you are experiencing severe or persistent pain, weakness, numbness, or red-flag symptoms such as bladder or bowel issues, you should seek medical help. These may signal serious spinal conditions that require prompt evaluation. Early diagnosis through a physical examination and imaging tests such as MRI or X-ray is essential for identifying the exact cause. Based on the findings, treatment options may include medications, physical therapy, or minimally invasive surgery.

If you’ve been questioning whether back problems can cause leg pain, consulting a spinal surgeon in Andheri can provide timely medical guidance to identify the root cause and prevent complications.

Conclusion

Back problems are a frequent cause of leg pain, often linked to nerve compression, muscle imbalances, or age-related spinal changes. Recognising symptoms early, such as weakness, numbness, tingling, or radiating pain, allows individuals to take timely steps through exercise, posture correction, and self-care strategies. Professional guidance from physiotherapists, chiropractors, or doctors ensures accurate diagnosis and effective treatment when needed. Combining preventive measures with medical care helps reduce pain, restore mobility, and protect long-term spinal health.

If you’re experiencing persistent leg pain or back discomfort, schedule an appointment with Dr. Tanay Prabhoo, an experienced spinal surgeon in Andheri, for an accurate diagnosis, advanced techniques, and the best care for better spinal health.

Do you experience chronic spinal pain or suffer from conditions such as degenerative disc disease or spinal instability? Spinal fusion may be the recommended solution. This transformative surgery joins two or more vertebrae to stabilise the spine, correct deformities, and relieve pain. Treatment plans can be tailored to meet your individual needs, helping you regain comfort and improve your quality of life.

A] What Is Spinal Fusion Surgery?

Spinal fusion surgery involves joining two or more vertebrae in the spine to eliminate motion between them. Bone grafts, along with screws or rods, are used by surgeons to help the bone heal in a single, strong unit. Conditions such as degenerative disc disease, scoliosis (a condition where the spine curves sideways), spinal instability, or fractures are commonly treated with this surgery.

B] Why Is Spinal Fusion Performed?

Spinal fusion is recommended when a patient experiences persistent pain, when the spine becomes deformed, or for neurological issues. Some common reasons include:

• Degenerative Disc Disease: Worn-out discs lose cushioning, leading to pain and instability.
• Spinal Instability: Usually due to arthritis or vertebrae slipping out of place.
• Scoliosis and Spinal Deformities: Abnormal spine curvature that worsens over time.
• Fractures and Injuries: Traumatic damage that causes the spine to become unstable.
• Other Therapeutic Reasons: Removing spinal tumors, infections, or correcting severe deformities.

Doctors usually recommend spinal fusion only when conservative treatments (medications, physiotherapy, injections) fail to provide relief or when the condition threatens long-term spinal stability.

C] How Do I Prepare for Spinal Fusion Surgery?

Preparing for spinal fusion involves both medical and personal planning. Below are some important steps to consider:

• Prior to the Procedure: Follow your surgeon’s instructions regarding medications, lifestyle changes, and any required tests.
• Questions to Ask: Ask questions to your spinal surgeon about the risks, recovery time of spinal fusion surgery, and expected outcomes so you feel informed and confident.
  Planning for Hospital Stay and Homecare: It is important to plan for your hospital stay by arranging essentials and organising support at home for mobility, meals, and daily activities. Proper preparation ensures a smoother surgery experience and a safer, more comfortable recovery.

Before considering surgery, patients often explore other spine care options. Learn more about various spine disorders and their treatments to understand how spinal fusion fits into the broader spectrum of care.

D] What Happens During Spinal Fusion Surgery?

During spinal fusion, the surgeon connects two or more vertebrae using bone grafts along with screws, rods, or plates to stabilise the spine. Different techniques are available as part of spine surgery treatment, and the choice depends on the patient’s condition and the region of the spine being treated. Depending on the complexity, the procedure usually takes around 2 to 6 hours. After surgery, vital signs are monitored, and appropriate pain relief is given to support recovery.

E] What Can I Expect Right After Surgery?

Once the surgery is complete, patients typically stay in the hospital for 3 to 5 days, depending on recovery progress. To keep the patients comfortable and support early movement, pain is managed with medications. The common side effects are fatigue, soreness, and stiffness, while risks such as infection, bleeding, or nerve irritation are carefully monitored. To support healing and recovery, patients are encouraged to begin gentle movements and follow wound care instructions under proper supervision. They are also advised to avoid strain and maintain proper rest, nutrition, and gradual activity for optimal recovery.

F] What Is the Typical Recovery Time for Spinal Fusion?

The recovery from spinal fusion is a gradual process. The initial healing phase lasts about 4 to 6 weeks, during which the pain and mobility begin to improve. However, full recovery and complete bone fusion could take 6 months to a year. Several factors influence recovery time, such as age, overall health, the complexity of the surgery, and how well the rehabilitation instructions are followed. Most patients return to light activities within a few weeks, but more strenuous activities may take additional time.

For personalised guidance, consult an experienced spinal surgeon in Andheri, who can assess your condition and provide tailored recovery advice.

G] What Exercises and Lifestyle Changes Should I Follow Post-Surgery?

• Gentle Exercises: For a safe recovery, gentle exercises and healthy lifestyle habits are essential. Short walks, light stretching, and physiotherapist-guided exercises are some of the recommended activities that gradually restore mobility and improve circulation.
• Activities to Avoid: Until your surgeon allows, avoid bending, heavy lifting, twisting, or high-impact sports to protect the healing spine.
• Rehabilitation Programme: A structured rehabilitation plan helps regain strength and flexibility, focusing on posture correction, core strengthening, and gradual activity progression.
• Monitoring for Setbacks: Listening to your body and watching for warning signs such as swelling, persistent pain, or numbness is important.
• Follow-Up Care: Consistent follow-ups with your surgeon or physiotherapist is helpful in monitoring progress and preventing setbacks.

H] When Should You Seek Medical Advice During Recovery?

During recovery from spinal fusion, it is important to watch for signs that may indicate complications. Seek medical advice if you experience severe or worsening pain, fever, unusual swelling, redness around the incision, numbness, or loss of bladder or bowel control. These symptoms may signal nerve issues, infection, or other complications that require urgent attention. Always contact your spinal surgeon or healthcare provider if you notice anything concerning. In emergencies, such as sudden weakness or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical care.

Conclusion

Treatments like spinal fusion can significantly improve quality of life by reducing pain, correcting spinal deformities, and restoring balance for daily tasks. Although recovery takes time, the long-term benefits can be life-changing. Seeking care from an experienced spinal specialist like Dr. Tanay Prabhoo ensures accurate diagnosis, advanced surgical techniques, and personalised care. Book an appointment today and take the first step toward a safer, more comfortable recovery.

Certain conditions are contingent, while some develop with age. However, some conditions, such as spinal stenosis, can either be present at birth or develop later as part of the ageing process. It is one such condition that can significantly impact mobility. Timely diagnosis and treatment play a crucial role in managing its symptoms and preventing the condition from worsening.

A] What is Spinal Stenosis?

Spinal stenosis is a condition in which the spaces within the spine become narrowed, putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerves that branch off it. Back pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness are among the issues that occur with it, especially in the arms or legs. It is usually caused by age-related changes like disc degeneration, arthritis, or spinal injury. Since spinal health is important for body movement and nerve function, its well-being has a direct impact on your quality of life.

Dr. Tanay Prabhoo, known for his precision in handling complex spinal cases, provides thorough care for patients with spinal stenosis, helping restore comfort, movement, and confidence in daily activities.

B] What are the Main Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis?

The symptoms of spinal stenosis typically develop gradually and tend to worsen over time. The common symptoms include:

• Back Pain: Especially in the lower back or neck, depending on which part of the spine is affected.
• Numbness or Tingling: In the arms, hands, legs, or feet, due to compressed nerves.
• Muscle Weakness: Affecting grip strength or leg stability, making daily tasks more difficult.
• Balance Problems: Leading to frequent tripping or unsteadiness in walking; however, experienced in more advanced cases.

If you are noticing loss of coordination, persistent numbness, increased weakness, or trouble in controlling bowel or bladder functions, consulting a specialist is important. These could be indications of progressive nerve damage, which needs medical intervention. 

C] What Causes Spinal Stenosis?

This condition is generally caused by age-related changes in the spine. Below are some of the common causes. 

• Osteoarthritis: A common cause that results in the breakdown of cartilage and the formation of bone spurs.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Can inflame spinal joints, further contributing to the narrowing of the spinal canal.
• Spinal Injuries or Surgeries: May lead to swelling or structural changes that compress the surrounding nerves.
• Congenitally Narrow Spinal Canal: Individuals who are born with a naturally narrow spinal canal are more prone to symptoms, even at a younger age.
• Scoliosis: A structural abnormality (S or C-shaped spine), which can alter spinal alignment and cause stenosis.

In Dr. Prabhoo’s patient cases, the common risk factors include:

• History of inflammatory joint conditions.
• Advanced age (above 50).
• Previous spinal trauma. 

Some of the other contributing factors are a sedentary lifestyle, poor posture, and physically demanding labour. 

Learn more about other common spine disorders and their treatments to get a broader understanding of how different issues develop and are managed.

D] How is Spinal Stenosis Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of spinal stenosis is made through a combination of medical history, physical exam, and imaging tests. A healthcare professional may begin by reviewing symptoms and checking for signs like numbness, muscle weakness, or balance problems.

To confirm the diagnosis and assess nerve compression, imaging studies such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans are commonly used.

Dr. Prabhoo adopts a patient-centred diagnostic approach that involves carefully considering the patient’s symptoms, lifestyle, and concerns before recommending tests. He ensures clear communication and personalised care are part of every treatment plan.

E] What Are the Latest Treatments for Spinal Stenosis?

Conservative Treatments for Spinal Stenosis

For the treatment of spinal stenosis, non-surgical options are considered first. These may include physical therapy to improve mobility and strength, medication to manage pain, and epidural steroid injections to ease inflammation.

Minimally Invasive and Advanced Surgical Options

When conservative methods fail, doctors may recommend minimally invasive spine surgery or advanced decompression techniques. These procedures relieve pressure on nerves by minimising tissue disruption.

Personalised Surgical Care by Dr. Prabhoo
With a modern surgical approach, Dr. Prabhoo provides personalised solutions that have shorter recovery times and less post-surgical discomfort. His expertise ensures patients receive the most advanced care tailored to their unique condition.

F] When Should You See a Spine Specialist?

Although occasional back or neck pain is common, ignoring every symptom can be risky. If you are experiencing persistent or worsening pain, numbness, or tingling in your limbs or muscle weakness, it may be time to consult a spine specialist. Difficulty in walking or maintaining balance may also indicate nerve compression, which requires timely intervention.

Sudden severe weakness and loss of bladder or bowel control are signs of serious spinal conditions that need urgent medical attention.

If you are looking for an experienced spinal surgeon in Andheri, a specialist like Dr. Prabhoo can provide expert diagnosis and personalised care to support a safe and effective recovery.

Conclusion

Spinal stenosis, when diagnosed timely and managed by an experienced specialist, often has a positive prognosis. With the right treatment, whether therapy or advanced surgery, patients can regain comfort and quality of life.

Are you experiencing symptoms and seeking expert advice? Get in touch with Dr. Prabhoo to receive compassionate and personalised care for your spine health

In today’s hectic and stressful lifestyle, almost everyone experiences minor health concerns, if not major ones. Back pain is one such issue that affects not only older adults but also young working professionals.

The causes can be as simple as poor posture habits. In many cases, back pain can be managed with physical exercise and medications. However, when the pain becomes chronic or is accompanied by symptoms like numbness, it may indicate a more serious underlying issue. In such cases, consulting a professional becomes essential to prevent the condition from worsening.

In this comprehensive blog, we will explore the causes of back pain, when to seek professional advice, and the available treatment options.

A] Common Causes of Back Pain

Back pain is a widespread issue with various underlying causes. Below are the common contributors that need to be identified for effective prevention and treatment:

• Mechanical Issues

The most common causes of back pain are mechanical, which may result from the spine’s movement or structural durability. These may include:

• Muscle strains or ligament sprains from poor posture or sudden movements.
• Herniated discs are often caused by improper lifting or repetitive stress.
• Spinal misalignment, which can lead to uneven pressure and discomfort.
• Degenerative conditions, including osteoarthritis and spinal disc degeneration, which reduce flexibility and cause inflammation.
  

• Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can also lead to back pain; some of these include:

• Scoliosis: a sideways curvature of the spine that alters spinal alignment.
• Osteoporosis: a condition that weakens bones, making them more prone to pain and fractures.

Less Common Conditions:

• Infections or tumours affecting the spine or nearby structures.
• Kidney stones can cause pain in the lower back.
  

• Lifestyle Factors

Modern lifestyle habits are a major contributor to chronic back pain. The factors may include:

• Sedentary behaviour and lack of regular exercise weaken core and back muscles.
• Obesity
• Prolonged sitting, especially with poor posture.
• Unsupportive mattresses or sleeping positions that misalign the spine.
  

• Psychological Stress

Psychological stress can also play a significant role in chronic back pain. Emotional tension and anxiety can cause muscle tightness and increase sensitivity to pain. This creates a cycle in which stress intensifies discomfort and pain, which in turn heightens stress levels. To manage this, various relaxation techniques and lifestyle modifications can be effective in alleviating back pain.

B] When to Seek Professional Advice?

It is important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience back pain that is persistent or worsening. This is especially crucial when self-care measures such as rest or over-the-counter medications do not improve the pain. If pain is accompanied by symptoms like numbness, tingling, weakness, or radiating pain down the legs or arms, these may be an indication of nerve involvement. If your discomfort is concentrated in the lumbar region, you can explore more about lower back pain causes and relief options.

Additionally, if your back pain disrupts your ability to perform daily activities and impacts your quality of life, a healthcare provider can identify the underlying cause and recommend the appropriate treatment.

If you are based in Mumbai, consider consulting an orthopaedic doctor in Andheri for specialised care.

C] Treatment Options

To achieve effective back pain relief, a range of pain management treatment options is available, from non-invasive therapies to surgical interventions. Below are some common approaches:

1. Physical Therapy

• Strengthening Core and Back Muscles
  Physical therapy is an effective, noninvasive approach for managing chronic or acute back pain. Physical therapists aim to strengthen the core and back muscles, which may have weakened due to spinal instability or poor posture. Through targeted exercise programs, physical therapy significantly reduces back pain and helps restore balance and stability.
• Improving Spinal Flexibility and Posture
  Many individuals experience stiffness due to back pain, which further increases their discomfort and limits mobility. Stretching exercises, manual therapy techniques, ergonomic education, and other methods employed by physical therapists enhance spinal alignment, improve posture, and ease pain.
• Teaching Safe Movement to Prevent Reinjury
  A physical therapist also teaches safe movement techniques, including proper lifting methods and individualised advice on workstation ergonomics. They help patients implement preventive strategies and avoid behaviours that could lead to injury.

2. Medications

• NSAIDs to Reduce Inflammation and Pain
  Medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen, are commonly used for back pain. These drugs are effective in reducing inflammation around spinal structures and improving conditions such as soft tissue irritation, spinal joint inflammation, and muscle strain.

• Muscle Relaxants for Spasms
  Muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine or methocarbamol may be prescribed for individuals experiencing muscle spasms. Although they act on the central nervous system to relieve muscle tension during acute flare-ups, muscle relaxants are usually recommended for short-term use due to their potential side effects, like drowsiness or dizziness.

• Neuropathic Agents for Nerve Pain
  For nerve-related (neuropathic) pain caused by conditions such as sciatica or herniated discs, neuropathic agents like gabapentin or pregabalin can be helpful. They work by altering nerve signal transmission, reducing sensations such as burning, tingling, or other discomfort that is linked to nerve irritation or compression.

3. Interventional Procedures

• Epidural Steroid Injections
  An epidural steroid injection is a common treatment used for nerve root irritation caused by herniated discs or spinal stenosis. The procedure involves injecting a corticosteroid into the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord. Its anti-inflammatory effects help reduce swelling and pressure on the affected nerve root, in turn alleviating pain.

• Facet Joint Injections
  Another interventional approach is facet joint injections, which are particularly effective for relieving arthritic back pain. Facet joints, which are small stabilising joints between each vertebra, can become degenerated and cause localised pain. Injections into these joints deliver an anaesthetic and steroid medication, providing temporary relief.

• Radiofrequency Ablation
  In a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure, heat generated by radio waves is used to disable specific nerves that transmit pain signals. This method, commonly used for chronic back or neck pain, often provides long-lasting relief.

4. Surgical Referral (When Necessary)

Surgery is considered a last option and is recommended when conservative treatments, including physical therapy and medications, fail. It is also recommended when imaging reveals clear structural issues:

• Discectomy
  A discectomy is a common surgical procedure used to treat herniated discs. During the procedure, the surgeon removes the portion of the disc that compresses the nerves and causes pain or numbness, which often radiates down the leg or arm.

• Laminectomy
  For individuals with spinal canal narrowing, also known as spinal stenosis, a laminectomy is typically performed. During the procedure, a portion of the vertebra called the lamina is removed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. This helps to reduce pain and enhance mobility.
• Spinal fusion
  A spinal fusion is usually recommended for patients with spinal instability or advanced degenerative conditions. The procedure involves joining two or more vertebrae to stabilise the spine, alleviate pain, and prevent further degeneration. This method is effective in specific cases but may require a longer recovery time.

5. Role of a Pain Management Specialist

The main goal of a pain management specialist is to reduce pain, improve mobility, and minimise the need for invasive procedures. By utilising various treatment approaches, such as medications, physical therapy, and interventional procedures, a pain specialist targets the root cause of pain to restore function.

The goal is not just limited to providing symptom relief but also to helping patients return to their daily activities and improve overall quality of life.

Conclusion

Back pain is common due to our lifestyle and posture habits. However, when the pain becomes chronic, an accurate diagnosis is crucial to understand the root cause and develop a personalised treatment plan. Back pain treatment options can range from physical therapy and medications to interventional procedures and surgical referral, each option serving a different aspect of the condition. Early intervention and professional guidance are important to restore normal function, improve posture, and prevent future injury.

Do you experience chronic back pain that hasn’t responded to traditional treatment? Get in touch with Dr. Tanay Prabhoo, an expert orthopaedic surgeon in Mumbai. From pain management to surgical intervention, Dr. Tanay Prabhoo accurately identifies your condition and provides the most effective solution to your needs.

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition where the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder capsule becomes inflamed and thickened. This leads to shoulder pain and stiffness, which gradually limits the range of motion. Thick bands of tissue, called adhesions, develop, and the amount of synovial fluid, which lubricates the shoulder capsule and joint, is reduced.

This condition is characterised by worsening symptoms, and full recovery may take up to 3 years.

In this blog, we will explore the stages, symptoms, causes, treatment options, and risk factors associated with frozen shoulder.

A] Stages of Frozen Shoulder

1. Freezing Stage

This stage involves a gradual increase in shoulder pain, often worsening at night or when resting on the affected side. The pain progresses to stiffness, resulting in limitation of shoulder movements and difficulty performing daily activities.

2. Frozen Stage

In this phase, the pain begins to decrease and is comparatively less than in the freezing stage. However, the shoulder remains stiff, which may cause the muscles to weaken due to reduced movement.

3. Thawing Stage

The thawing stage, also known as the recovery phase, is the final stage when the shoulder movements slowly return to normal and the pain and stiffness gradually improve. However, occasional pain may still occur, especially at night.

B] Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

• Pain: A dull pain is experienced in the shoulder or the upper arms. It often worsens at night, if lying on the affected side, or with sudden shoulder movement.
• Stiffness: A stiffness that affects one shoulder at a time, resulting in difficulty performing everyday tasks such as dressing, grooming, lifting the arm to reach objects, etc.
• Limited range of motion: You may find it difficult to move your shoulder, especially in certain directions.
• Muscle weakness: Due to reduced use of the shoulder, surrounding muscles can weaken over time, which may compound the stiffness and mobility issues.

If you are experiencing such symptoms and are considering expert consultation to understand the underlying cause, you can explore orthopaedic treatment in Andheri for professional guidance and care.

C] Causes of Frozen Shoulder

• An injury or surgery might be one of the causes that have triggered the development of frozen shoulders.
• Certain medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, cardiovascular diseases may increase the risk of developing frozen shoulders. Diabetics show a strong link with frozen shoulders.
• People with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis or bursitis may experience thickening of the shoulder capsule leading to stiffness and restricted movement.
• People between the ages of 40 and 60 generally develop frozen shoulders, with women being more likely to be affected.

D] Treatment Options for Frozen Shoulder

1. Physical Therapy

Exercise is crucial in improving flexibility, especially in a condition like a frozen shoulder. Performing exercises that stretch the tight shoulder capsule and strengthen the surrounding muscles are effective for recovery.

Regular exercises with a physical therapist can also help regain the range of motion when combined with daily home exercise.

2. Medications

Although medications do not cure frozen shoulders, they are still beneficial in recovery as they enable our participation in physical therapy and daily tasks.  

In the early stages, pain relief and inflammation control are important. Medications such as paracetamol and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen, are commonly recommended to treat pain and swelling. In more severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger pain relievers and muscle relaxants.

3. Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid injections contain a synthetic version of cortisone, a powerful anti-inflammatory hormone. These injections are usually administered into the joint capsule to reduce pain and inflammation, especially during the early stage of pain.

Corticosteroid injections are effective in providing temporary relief and managing symptoms; however, their use is limited to one or two injections to avoid any potential side effects.

4. Home Care and Activity Modification

To manage the pain at home, heat therapy can be one of the solutions; for example, applying warm compresses or a heating pad to the shoulder, especially before stretching or exercising.

Heat therapy can be followed by cold therapy, in which an ice pack can be applied to reduce pain and inflammation. Performing gentle range of motion exercises, such as the pendulum stretch, which involves leaning forward slightly with your arms hanging down and gently swinging in small circles. However, it is important to ensure that such exercises are only performed if pain is manageable.

Simple activity moderation, such as using the affected arm for light activities, avoiding lifting heavy objects, and using a pillow under or behind the affected arm – all such steps can greatly impact the frozen shoulders.

5. Minimally Invasive Options (Arthroscopic Surgery)

Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery that is recommended when the symptoms do not improve with traditional treatments after 3 to 6 months. This technique involves making small incisions around the shoulder and inserting surgical tools and a tiny medical camera. The camera provides a view of the tight, inflamed joint capsule, and a radiofrequency device is used to precisely cut and release tissue to restore mobility.

One of the key advantages of this approach is less tissue damage. However, physical therapy is crucial after surgery to maintain the motion achieved during the procedure.

In diabetic patients, some degree of shoulder stiffness may persist even after surgery.

The decision on the type of treatment can be made based on the stage and severity of the condition. If you are looking for expert guidance on your issue, consider consulting an orthopaedic doctor in Andheri for personalised guidance.

E] Who Develops Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder is a more common condition in people aged 40 to 60, especially in women. Individuals with conditions like diabetes or thyroid disorders are normally at a greater risk of developing it.

Although it affects only one shoulder, it generally occurs in the less-used arm, for example, the left shoulder of right-handed individuals.

Conclusion

Frozen shoulder is a painful condition that limits our daily activities and often impacts middle-aged individuals, particularly women. People with underlying health issues like diabetes are also at higher risk. Although many cases improve by managing symptoms through physical therapy, individuals who continue to experience persistent symptoms may benefit from advanced frozen shoulder treatment like arthroscopic surgery. Such minimally invasive procedures can provide effective, long-term relief.

Early diagnosis is crucial for timely recovery and to prevent the condition from worsening.

If you experience persistent stiffness around your shoulder or restricted movement, especially if you are between 40 and 60 years old, consider booking an appointment with Dr. Tanay Prabhoo, a highly trusted orthopaedic surgeon in Mumbai. An expert in joint disorders, Dr. Prabhoo deeply understands these conditions and provides the most accurate solutions to your unique needs.

Have your joints been aching more than usual? Does getting out of bed in the morning feel harder than it used to? If you’ve been noticing joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, you might have arthritis. This common condition affects millions of people worldwide but is often misunderstood. In this blog, we will break down what arthritis is, its causes, symptoms, and types, and we will guide you through the best treatment for arthritis.

A] What is Arthritis? 

Arthritis is a medical condition that means inflammation of one or more joints. It’s not a single disease but an umbrella term for over one hundred different types of joint-related disorders. These conditions affect the joints and surrounding tissues and cause symptoms like pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. In severe cases, arthritis can lead to joint deformity and disability.

There are several causes of arthritis. These include:

• Genetic factors: If you have a family history of arthritis, your risk of getting it increases. Certain genes make you more likely to develop certain types of arthritis disease.
• Age: The risk of arthritis increases with age as joint cartilage wears down over time.
• Infections: Certain types of bacterial or viral infections can cause joint inflammation.
• Joint injuries: Previous trauma or repetitive stress on the joints can trigger arthritis later in life.
• Autoimmune responses: Some types of arthritis, like rheumatoid arthritis, occur when the immune system attacks the body’s joint tissues.
• Lifestyle factors: Obesity, poor eating habits, physical inactivity and smoking are all associated with higher risk of arthritis.

Knowing the reason for arthritis is key to accurate diagnosis and treatment of arthritis.

B] Types of Arthritis 

1. Osteoarthritis (OA)

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis which affects the joints. It happens when the cartilage that lines the joints is worn down over time, and the bones rub against each other. The most common joints affected by OA include the joints in the hands, knees, hips, neck, and lower back. When the cartilage in the joints breaks down, the bones underneath begin to change and can worsen over time, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling. Some people may also notice a decreased range of motion or flexibility. 

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis. In this condition, the immune system attacks parts of the body, especially the joints, which can lead to inflammation and cause severe damage. These form over joints that receive pressure, such as knuckles, elbows, or heels. You may have swollen or tender joints, stiffness, severe pain, and joint deformity. 

3. Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory form of arthritis that is linked with psoriasis, a chronic skin condition where the body’s immune system attacks your own skin cells. Around 20% of people with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis. The symptoms include stiffness and skin lesions that are caused by joint inflammation. Psoriatic arthritis can affect the joints, skin, fingernails and toenails. 

4. Gout

Gout is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. It most commonly affects the big toe and causes sudden, intense pain, redness, and swelling. Gout attacks can come on quickly and are often triggered by dietary habits like eating red meat, seafood and drinking alcohol.

5. Ankylosing Spondylitis

This is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects the spine. Over time, it can cause the spinal vertebrae to fuse together, reducing flexibility and posture changes. Early symptoms are lower back pain and morning stiffness. It usually starts in early adulthood and is more common in men.

6. Juvenile Arthritis

Contrary to the assumption that arthritis only affects adults, children can also develop joint inflammation. Juvenile arthritis affects children under 16. It causes joint inflammation, pain, stiffness, and mobility issues. In some cases, it can also affect growth and development. The exact cause is unknown, but autoimmune reactions are believed to be involved.

C] Symptoms of Arthritis 

The early signs of arthritis differ individually depending on the type of arthritis. Symptoms can develop gradually or suddenly. Some of the common symptoms are:

• Joint Pain: This can be constant or intermittent. It can worsen with activity or during rest.
• Joint Stiffness: You may be stiff in the morning or after sitting for a long time. It can restrict your movement.
• Swelling Of The Joints: Swelling due to inflammation may make the joints larger than normal.
• Decreased Mobility: It can be hard to move the involved joints freely.
• Redness and Heat: In certain forms of arthritis, the joints can become warm and red due to inflammation.
• Fatigue and Overall Weakness: Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis may lead to tiredness and weakness.

Identifying these early signs of arthritis and getting timely medical attention will aid in controlling the disease before complications arise.  Dr. Tanay Prabhoo offers orthopaedic treatment in Andheri, which can help you identify and manage your arthritis and allow you to enjoy your daily activities without pain. 

D] Treatment Options for Arthritis

Managing arthritis involves a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle modifications to reduce pain and improve mobility.

1. Medications

• Painkillers: Over-the-counter medications like Acetaminophen or ibuprofen relieve mild to moderate pain and inflammation.
• Disease-modifying drugs: DMARDs are used in autoimmune arthritis to slow down disease activity and avoid joint damage.
• Corticosteroids: These are strong anti-inflammatory medications that minimise severe symptoms and are frequently injected into the joints for rapid relief.

It is advised to visit a qualified physician who will help determine the best medication and create a treatment plan according to your requirements. 

2. Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle Changes

Make these changes in your daily lifestyle to enhance joint health and long-term arthritis management:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Reduce excess weight to decrease stress on weight-bearing joints such as knees and hips.
• Eat a well-balanced diet: Add anti-inflammatory foods such as fish which is high in omega-3, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and berries.
• Apply heat or cold therapy: Heat compresses help to loosen up stiffness, and cold packs help reduce swelling.

3. Physical Therapy and Exercise

Staying physically active helps strengthen muscles around the joints and helps improve mobility:

• Stretching and light exercises can help reduce stiffness.
• Strength training builds muscles that help support weak joints.
• Low-impact exercises like swimming, walking, and yoga.
• Occupational therapy helps reduce joint strain during everyday activities.

4. Surgical Options

When medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modification no longer help, surgery could be the next option in the management of arthritis. Individuals with extreme joint damage, persistent pain, or restricted mobility may find surgery to be a viable option, although it is not the initial course of treatment. Surgery aims to regain joint function, reduce pain, and enhance the quality of life. These are the most frequently used surgical treatments for arthritis:

Joint Replacement Surgery (Arthroplasty)

One of the most effective surgical treatments for arthritis is joint replacement surgery, also known as arthroplasty. It involves replacing the worn-out parts of a joint with artificial parts made of metal, ceramic, or plastic. It is usually performed on weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips, but it can also be performed on the shoulders, elbows, and even the fingers.

There are two kinds of joint replacement:

• Total Joint Replacement: The whole joint surface is replaced by prosthetic parts. This is most typically done for severe arthritis in the hip and knee.
• Partial Joint Replacement: Only the damaged part of the joint is replaced. This can be done when arthritis is limited to one joint area.

Patients who have joint replacement surgery tend to experience a significant improvement in pain, mobility, and function. Many can resume normal daily activities and even low-impact exercise with proper rehabilitation and physiotherapy.

Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which physicians can diagnose and treat joint issues through a small camera and specialised tools inserted via very small incisions. It’s most often used for arthritis in the knees, shoulders, and wrists, particularly in early to moderate stages.

During arthroscopy, a surgeon can:

• Remove loose fragments of bone or cartilage
• Trim or repair torn cartilage
• Clean the joint to reduce inflammation

The procedure has a shorter recovery time than open surgery. It can be very beneficial for certain types of arthritis, especially when symptoms are caused by mechanical irritation within the joint.

E ] When to See a Doctor?

If you have joint pain that lasts more than a few weeks or stiffness and swelling that affects your daily activities, it is time to see a doctor. Sudden and severe pain in the joints, especially in the case of gout, should not be ignored. As a renowned orthopaedic doctor in Andheri, Dr. Tanay Prabhoo is dedicated to providing expert evaluation and personalised care, always putting your well-being first to ensure you receive the best possible treatment.  Book an appointment, and don’t let your joints hold you back anymore.